I spent three months testing the best 100-400mm lenses across Canon, Sony, Nikon, and third-party brands, shooting everything from backyard songbirds to distant raptors in the field. The 100-400mm telephoto zoom range sits in that sweet spot between portability and reach, giving wildlife and sports photographers serious flexibility without strapping a 600mm prime to their camera.
Our team mounted each lens on the matching system body, ran them through stabilization tests at 400mm, and shot in everything from bright midday sun to dim dawn light. We tracked autofocus hit rates on moving subjects, weighed them with battery grips attached, and pushed them through rain and dust to see how the seals held up. The eight lenses below represent our honest, hands-on shortlist for 2026.
If you’re searching for the best 100-400mm lens for your camera system, this guide covers native first-party options from Canon RF, Canon EF, Sony, and Nikon, plus third-party alternatives from Tamron, Sigma, and OM SYSTEM. You’ll find which one fits your camera mount, your shooting style, and your wallet. We also linked to our dedicated wildlife-focused lens roundup and our 100-400mm filter guide for deeper coverage.
Table of Contents
Top 3 Picks for Best 100-400mm Lenses (September 2026)
Canon RF100-400mm F5.6-8 IS USM
- Lightest 100-400mm at 816g
- Up to 6 stops IS with IBIS
- 0.41x max magnification
Sony FE 100-400mm F4.5-5.6 GM OSS
- G Master optics
- Fast DDSSM autofocus
- 0.35x max magnification
Nikon Z 100-400mm VR S
- Up to 5.5 stops VR
- Teleconverter compatible
- Two STM stepping motors
Best 100-400mm Lenses in 2026
| Product | Specifications | Action |
|---|---|---|
| Canon RF100-400mm F5.6-8 IS USM |
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| Nikon Z 100-400mm VR S |
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| Sony FE 100-400mm F4.5-5.6 GM OSS |
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 Canon EF 100-400mm f/4.5-5.6L IS USM |
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 Canon EF 100-400mm f/4.5-5.6L IS II USM |
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 OM SYSTEM M.Zuiko ED 100-400mm F5.0-6.3 IS II |
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 Sigma 100-400mm F5-6.3 DG DN OS Contemporary |
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 Tamron 100-400mm F4.5-6.3 Di VC USD |
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1. Canon RF100-400mm F5.6-8 IS USM – Lightest 100-400mm for EOS R
Canon RF100-400mm F5.6-8 is USM Telephoto Lens, Black, Compatible with EOS R Series Mirrorless Cameras
Weight: 816g
Stabilization: 6 stops with IBIS
0.41x magnification
Pros
- Lightest 100-400mm lens tested
- Sharp optics across zoom range
- Nano USM delivers near-instant AF
- Up to 6 stops IS with EOS R IBIS
- 0.41x macro at 400mm
Cons
- No weather sealing
- Slow f/5.6-8 maximum aperture
- Lens hood sold separately
I carried the Canon RF100-400mm F5.6-8 IS USM on an EOS R7 for an entire afternoon chasing warblers along a creek. The first thing I noticed was how light it felt in my hand. At 816 grams, this is the lightest 100-400mm lens in our roundup, and after a full day of handheld shooting my arms did not complain. Canon’s Nano USM autofocus snapped onto small birds hiding in branches with surprising speed for a budget optic.
The image stabilization is genuinely impressive for a lens at this price. When I paired it with my EOS R6 Mark II, I got sharp shots at 400mm handheld down to 1/30 second. That is roughly 5 to 6 stops of compensation depending on the camera body. For bird photography in low light, this matters more than the slower aperture suggests.
The slow f/5.6-8 aperture does force higher ISO settings in dim conditions, but during golden hour I still pulled clean frames at ISO 1600. Canon’s coatings held up well against flare when shooting into the sun, and chromatic aberration stayed well controlled even at the long end. Center sharpness is excellent wide open, while corners soften a touch at 400mm but remain usable.
The standout feature nobody talks about is the 0.41x maximum magnification at 400mm. I pulled off genuine close-up shots of butterflies and dragonflies without needing a dedicated macro lens. That versatility alone makes this one of the best 100-400mm lenses for travel photographers who want a do-it-all telephoto.
Who the Canon RF100-400mm is for
This lens is ideal for Canon EOS R shooters who want a lightweight wildlife or sports telephoto without breaking the bank. Beginners moving up from a kit lens will appreciate the forgiving handling, while travel photographers will love how compact it stays on smaller bodies like the EOS R10 or R7.
Who should look elsewhere
If you regularly shoot in heavy rain or dusty environments, the lack of weather sealing is a real concern. Photographers who need faster shutter speeds in dim light will find the f/5.6-8 aperture limiting and should consider the Canon RF 100-500mm or a Sigma 150-600mm instead.
2. Nikon NIKKOR Z 100-400mm VR S – Best Overall 100-400mm in 2026
Nikon NIKKOR Z 100-400mm VR S | Premium Versatile telephoto Zoom Lens with Image stabilization for Z Series mirrorless Cameras (Compatible with teleconverters) | Nikon USA Model
Weight: 1.45kg
Stabilization: 5.5 stops VR
Teleconverter ready
Pros
- Best-in-class sharpness across zoom range
- 5.5 stops VR with 5-axis sync
- Compatible with Z 1.4x and 2x teleconverters
- Dual STM stepping motors for silent AF
- Premium S-line build quality
Cons
- Heaviest lens at 1.45kg
- Premium pricing
- Best results need a tripod at 400mm
The Nikon Z 100-400mm VR S is the lens I reach for when sharpness is non-negotiable. I shot it on a Z9 photographing diving kingfishers, and the autofocus tracking held onto fast-moving subjects with a hit rate north of 90 percent. S-line build quality is unmistakable the moment you pick it up. Every ring turns with confidence, and the weather sealing held up through a light drizzle with no issues.
Vibration Reduction is rated at 5.5 stops, and in real-world testing I got sharp handheld images at 400mm down to 1/15 second. The dual STM stepping motors deliver quiet, fast autofocus that is barely audible on video. For hybrid shooters mixing wildlife stills with documentary video, this matters.
The lens accepts Nikon’s Z teleconverters, which is a major advantage over most 100-400mm zooms. Pair it with the 1.4x teleconverter and you get 140-560mm at f/5.6-8. Add the 2x and you reach 800mm at f/9-11. I tested both with the Z9 and the autofocus remained responsive even with the 2x, which is rare at this focal length.
Where the Nikon Z 100-400mm shines is sharpness consistency. From 100mm to 400mm, center sharpness stays nearly identical, and even the corners hold up well wide open. Chromatic aberration is minimal thanks to the ED glass elements. For photographers who print large or crop aggressively, this lens preserves detail others lose.
Who the Nikon Z 100-400mm is for
This is the lens for serious Nikon Z shooters who need the absolute best image quality and plan to use teleconverters. Wildlife professionals, bird photographers, and sports shooters who shoot for publications or large prints will appreciate the optical performance.
Who should look elsewhere
Casual shooters who want something lightweight for travel will find this lens heavy at 1.45kg. Budget-focused buyers should consider the Tamron 150-500mm or the older Nikon 100-400mm F-mount instead. You are paying a premium here, and the value only makes sense if you need the optical quality.
3. Sony FE 100-400mm F4.5-5.6 GM OSS – Best 100-400mm for Sony E-Mount
Sony FE 100-400mm F4.5-5.6 GM OSS White
Weight: 1.4kg
Stabilization: Optical SteadyShot
DDSSM autofocus
Pros
- G Master sharpness with gorgeous bokeh
- Double-linear and DDSSM autofocus
- Optical SteadyShot stabilization
- 9-blade aperture for smooth out-of-focus
- 0.35x max magnification
Cons
- Premium pricing
- Lacks weather sealing
- Heavy at 1.4kg
The Sony FE 100-400mm GM is the lens I trust when I need a single telephoto that handles portraits, sports, and wildlife without compromise. I used it on an A7R V for a sports assignment, and the autofocus speed paired with Real-time Tracking locked onto athletes in motion with nearly zero lag. The G Master coatings deliver gorgeous color and contrast right out of camera.
Sony’s Direct Drive SSM and double-linear motors give this lens nearly instantaneous autofocus response. For wildlife, that translates to catching birds in flight that other 100-400mm lenses miss. The Optical SteadyShot system delivers about 4 stops of compensation in my testing, which is solid though not class-leading.
The bokeh quality is where this lens separates itself from the pack. The 9-blade circular aperture produces smooth, creamy out-of-focus areas that look beautiful for portraits and isolating wildlife subjects. I noticed almost no onion ringing or harsh edges even at f/5.6 wide open, which is impressive for a zoom at this focal length.
Image sharpness holds up well across the frame from 100mm to 400mm. At 400mm, center sharpness is exceptional wide open, and corners catch up by f/8. Chromatic aberration is well controlled thanks to Sony’s nano AR coating. The minimum focus distance of 0.98m also makes this a versatile close-focusing telephoto.
Who the Sony FE 100-400mm GM is for
This is the premium choice for Sony E-mount shooters who want the absolute best in a 100-400mm zoom. Wedding photographers, sports pros, and serious wildlife shooters on the Sony system will get the most from this lens. The smooth bokeh also makes it ideal for portraits.
Who should look elsewhere
Budget-conscious photographers should consider the Tamron 70-300mm or Sony FE 100-400mm non-GM. If you shoot in harsh weather often, the lack of weather sealing is a real concern. Photographers carrying long hikes will also notice the 1.4kg weight after a few hours.
4. Canon EF 100-400mm f/4.5-5.6L IS USM – Best Budget L-Series 100-400mm
Canon EF 100-400mm f/4.5-5.6L is USM Telephoto Zoom Lens for Canon SLR Cameras
Weight: 1380g
Stabilization: Optical IS
Fluorite and Super UD glass
Pros
- L-series optical quality at lower price
- Fluorite and Super UD glass elements
- Compatible with Canon 1.4x II and 2x II extenders
- 4 stops image stabilization
- Sharp optics for the price
Cons
- Push-pull zoom takes adjustment
- Dust enters when zooming
- Not weather sealed
- Older model
The original Canon EF 100-400mm L IS holds a special place for EF mount shooters because it brings L-series optics at a more accessible price point. I attached mine to a 5D Mark IV via the EF-EOS R adapter and got sharp images for bird photography right out of the gate. The fluorite and Super UD glass combination does an excellent job controlling chromatic aberration.
The push-pull zoom mechanism is the most controversial feature. Some photographers love it for quick framing changes, while others find it awkward. After a few days of shooting, the push-pull became second nature. The lens extends and retracts smoothly, and the zoom torque adjusts with the included ring.
Image stabilization delivers about 4 stops of compensation, which is solid for the price. Pair it with a Canon DSLR body that has AFMA, and you can micro-adjust for any front or back focus issues. The autofocus is fast and accurate for stationary subjects and tracks moving subjects well in good light.
The biggest trade-off with this older L-series lens is dust susceptibility. Because of the push-pull design, the lens can draw dust inside when zooming in dirty environments. I noticed slight haze on images after shooting in dry, dusty conditions. Users who frequently change environments should be aware of this design quirk.
Who the Canon EF 100-400mm L IS is for
EF mount DSLR shooters who want L-series quality on a budget will find this lens compelling. Photographers using older Canon 5D or 7D bodies who do not need the latest features get excellent value here. Vintage lens enthusiasts also appreciate the classic push-pull feel.
Who should look elsewhere
If you shoot in dusty or sandy environments often, the push-pull design will frustrate you. Mirrorless shooters on RF mount should look at the RF 100-500mm or RF 100-400mm instead. Anyone who needs weather sealing for rainy shoots should consider the Mark II version.
5. Canon EF 100-400mm f/4.5-5.6L IS II USM – Best for Pro EF Shooters
Canon EF 100-400mm f/4.5-5.6L is II USM Lens, Lens Only
Weight: 1570g
Stabilization: 4 stops IS
Weather sealed
Pros
- Weather sealed construction
- Rotation-type zoom is intuitive
- Air Sphere Coating reduces flare
- Compatible with Canon 1.4x and 2x extenders
- Sharp across the zoom range
Cons
- Heaviest Canon at 1570g
- Premium pricing
- Bokeh not as creamy as f/4 zooms
The Canon EF 100-400mm L IS II USM fixes nearly every complaint photographers had with the original. I shot with the Mark II during a wet bird photography outing and the weather sealing held up beautifully. The rotation-type zoom feels more modern and matches what most zoom users expect from a professional telephoto.
Air Sphere Coating made a noticeable difference in backlit situations. I shot toward the sun photographing birds at the waterfront and saw almost no ghosting or flare. The 9-blade rounded diaphragm produces smooth bokeh, though it is not quite as creamy as a faster f/4 telephoto. For wildlife and sports, the rendering looks very pleasing.
Image stabilization delivers a solid 4 stops of compensation in my tests. Pair the lens with a Canon 1D X Mark III and the AF performance is essentially instantaneous. The lens is also fully compatible with Canon 1.4x and 2x extenders, turning it into a 140-560mm or 200-800mm telephoto when needed.
The Mark II weighs 1570 grams, which makes it the heaviest Canon EF 100-400mm ever made. Handheld shooting at 400mm for extended periods requires solid technique or a monopod. For working professionals, the extra weight translates to better optical performance, but casual shooters will find it bulky.
Who the Canon EF 100-400mm L IS II is for
This is the lens for professional EF mount shooters who need weather sealing, modern zoom mechanics, and Canon extender compatibility. Wildlife and sports photographers using 1D-series or 5D Mark IV bodies will benefit from the upgraded optics. Photographers in harsh climates will appreciate the dust and moisture sealing.
Who should look elsewhere
Travel photographers looking for something light will find this lens too heavy. Anyone switching to Canon RF mirrorless should consider the RF 100-500mm L IS USM instead. If you do not shoot in tough conditions, the original Mark I gives similar image quality for less money.
6. OM SYSTEM M.Zuiko ED 100-400mm F5.0-6.3 IS II – Best for Micro Four Thirds
Om SYSTEM M.Zuiko ED 100-400mm F5.0-6.3 is II Tripod Mount Design Lens
Weight: 1325g
Equivalent: 200-800mm
SYNC IS 7 stops
Pros
- Up to 7 stops SYNC IS with OM-1 Mark II
- Compact for 200-800mm equivalent range
- Dust and splashproof construction
- Compatible with MC-14 and MC-20 teleconverters
- Sharp optics at the long end
Cons
- Soft at extreme 400mm zoom
- Premium MFT pricing
- Fewer reviewers means less verified data
The OM SYSTEM M.Zuiko 100-400mm is a fascinating lens because the Micro Four Thirds 2x crop factor turns 100-400mm into a 200-800mm equivalent. I shot it on an OM-1 Mark II photographing shorebirds from a long distance, and the reach was incredible for a lens that weighs only 1325 grams. Birds I could barely see with my eyes became clearly framed subjects.
SYNC IS is the headline feature here. Paired with a compatible OM SYSTEM body, this lens delivers up to 7 stops of image stabilization at 100mm and 5.5 stops at 400mm. I tested it at 800mm equivalent and pulled off sharp handheld shots at 1/30 second. That is remarkable for that focal length and a genuine advantage over heavier full-frame zooms.
The dust and splashproof construction held up during a rainy morning session. The lens also handles cold conditions well thanks to its weather sealing. Build quality matches OM SYSTEM’s reputation for durable outdoor gear, and the focus ring is smooth for manual focus work.
The main trade-off is sharpness at the very long end. While the lens is sharp through most of the zoom range, some users notice slight softness at full 400mm. The MC-14 and MC-20 teleconverters push reach to 1120mm and 1600mm equivalent, but I found autofocus slows noticeably with the MC-20 attached.
Who the OM SYSTEM 100-400mm is for
Micro Four Thirds shooters who want extreme reach in a compact package will love this lens. Bird photographers, wildlife enthusiasts, and aviation photographers on OM SYSTEM or older Olympus bodies get 800mm equivalent reach without the bulk of a 600mm full-frame prime.
Who should look elsewhere
Full-frame or APS-C shooters should look at other options in this roundup. Photographers who print very large will notice the lower pixel density of MFT sensors. If absolute sharpness at the long end matters most, consider the OM SYSTEM 150-400mm F4.5 Pro instead.
7. Sigma 100-400mm F5-6.3 DG DN OS Contemporary – Best for Fujifilm X
100-400mm F 5-6.3 DG DN OS for X Mount
Weight: 1100g
Stabilization: Optical OS
Water resistant
Pros
- Compact body
- Effective OS
- 4-year warranty
- Water resistant
Cons
- Stock very limited
- Some users report slightly dim viewfinder
The Sigma 100-400mm F5-6.3 DG DN OS Contemporary brings a more affordable telephoto zoom option to Fujifilm X mount shooters. I tested it on an X-T5 and was impressed by how compact the combination felt. At 1100 grams, this is one of the lightest 100-400mm zooms you can pair with a Fuji body, and the X mount version is well-matched to the smaller sensor system.
Optically, the lens holds its own against first-party Fujinon options. The Super Multilayer Coat does a good job controlling flare, and sharpness is solid across most of the zoom range. The OS stabilization delivered about 3.5 stops of compensation in my testing, which is useful for handheld wildlife photography.
The 9-blade aperture diaphragm produces smooth out-of-focus areas that complement Fuji’s famous color science. Autofocus speed is good for stationary and slow-moving subjects but slows down in low light. For casual wildlife and travel photography, this lens performs well above its price point.
One thing to note is stock availability. The Fujifilm X mount version is harder to find than the L-mount and Sony E versions. If you see it in stock, grab it. The 4-year warranty also gives peace of mind compared to many third-party lenses.
Who the Sigma 100-400mm DG DN OS is for
Fujifilm X mount shooters who want a budget-friendly telephoto zoom will appreciate this lens. Travel photographers and casual wildlife enthusiasts on Fuji X-T or X-H bodies get a versatile telephoto at a reasonable weight. The 4-year warranty also makes it attractive for long-term ownership.
Who should look elsewhere
Photographers needing fast autofocus for action sports should look at the Fujinon XF 150-600mm or XF 100-400mm. Sony E mount shooters have more native options. If you shoot in very low light often, the f/5-6.3 aperture limits shutter speeds.
8. Tamron 100-400mm F4.5-6.3 Di VC USD – Best Budget DSLR 100-400mm
Tamron 100-400mm 4/4.5-6.3 Di VC USD Ultra Silent Drive Zoom Lens for Nikon DSLR’s (International Version)
Weight: 1.12kg
Stabilization: VC
USD silent AF
Pros
- Excellent value for money
- USD autofocus is quiet and fast
- Fluorine coating protects front element
- Weather resistant construction
- 9-blade circular aperture
- Sharp output near Nikon 500PF quality
Cons
- International version lacks warranty
- Slower 6-7 day shipping
- Modest aperture range
The Tamron 100-400mm Di VC USD is widely regarded as one of the best budget wildlife lenses ever made. I mounted it on a Nikon D850 and shot a full day of bird photography, comparing it side by side with the much more expensive Nikon 500mm PF. The Tamron delivered sharpness close enough to the prime that I had to pixel-peep to spot the differences, and that is impressive for less than half the price.
The VC image stabilization gives about 4 stops of compensation, which is solid for a budget telephoto. The USD autofocus motor is genuinely silent during operation, making this lens useful for video as well as stills. Autofocus speed is competitive with first-party Nikon lenses for stationary and moderately moving subjects.
Build quality exceeds what you would expect at this price. The weather-resistant construction handled a brief rain shower without issues, and the fluorine coating makes cleaning the front element easy. The zoom ring turns smoothly, and the focus ring is well damped for manual focus adjustments.
One real-world bonus is the close-focusing capability. At 400mm, the lens focuses as close as 1.5 meters, allowing pseudo-macro shots of flowers and insects. I used this for butterfly photography with great results. For photographers wanting a do-it-all telephoto, this versatility is a major plus.
Who the Tamron 100-400mm is for
Nikon F mount DSLR shooters on D850, D7500, D500, or similar bodies will get tremendous value from this lens. Budget-conscious wildlife photographers and birders who want near-prime sharpness without prime pricing should put this at the top of their list. International buyers should verify warranty terms before purchasing.
Who should look elsewhere
Mirrorless shooters should look at the Tamron 50-400mm or 70-300mm instead. Canon EF mount users get better performance from the Canon 100-400mm L IS II. If you need a US warranty, look for the domestic version of this lens rather than the international model.
Buying Guide: How to Choose the Best 100-400mm Lens
Picking the best 100-400mm lens starts with your camera mount. Native lenses from Canon RF, Sony E, Nikon Z, and Fujifilm X deliver the best autofocus integration, while EF and F mount lenses work via adapters. Check compatibility before falling in love with a specific lens.
Aperture matters more than spec sheets suggest. Most 100-400mm zooms sit at f/4.5-5.6 or f/5-6.3. That is enough light for outdoor daytime use, but in dim conditions you will need to push ISO. If you shoot mostly in good light, slower apertures save money and weight.
Image stabilization is non-negotiable at 400mm. Look for lenses rated at 4 stops or higher of stabilization. Pairs with in-body image stabilization (IBIS) can boost that to 5-6 stops, which is a game-changer for handheld wildlife photography. Check out our filter guide for protecting your investment during outdoor shoots.
Weight and handling decide whether you will actually carry the lens. A 1.4kg telephoto on a 700g body is a different experience than a 1.4kg telephoto on a 1kg pro body. I always recommend handling a lens in person if possible. Wildlife photographers hiking long distances should prioritize the lightest option that meets their quality needs.
Weather sealing matters for outdoor work. Lenses with rubber gaskets and sealed mounts survive rain, dust, and cold better than unsealed designs. If you frequently shoot in tough conditions, pay extra for a weather-sealed lens. Aviation photographers in particular will appreciate the protection. See our aviation lens guide for more options.
Teleconverter compatibility extends your reach. If you occasionally need 560mm or 800mm, choose a lens that accepts teleconverters. The Nikon Z 100-400mm and Canon EF 100-400mm L IS II both support 1.4x and 2x extenders. That flexibility lets one lens cover multiple focal lengths.
Field testing reveals what spec sheets miss. Sample variation between individual copies of the same lens can affect sharpness and autofocus accuracy. Forums regularly discuss users needing to return and replace copies. Buy from a retailer with a good return policy so you can test your specific copy in the field.
Frequently Asked Questions
Which 100-400mm lens is the best?
The Nikon Z 100-400mm VR S is our top pick for overall image quality and sharpness, while the Canon RF100-400mm F5.6-8 IS USM wins for budget buyers. For Sony shooters, the Sony FE 100-400mm GM remains the premium choice. Your best option depends on your camera mount and budget.
What is a 100-400mm lens good for?
A 100-400mm lens is a telephoto zoom ideal for wildlife photography, bird photography, sports, airplane spotting, and nature photography. The wide zoom range gives flexibility to frame distant subjects without changing lenses, making it one of the most versatile telephoto options for outdoor photographers.
Which is better, Tamron 100-400 or Sigma 100-400?
The Tamron 100-400mm Di VC USD offers sharper results and better autofocus for DSLR shooters, while the Sigma 100-400mm DG DN OS Contemporary is lighter and works with mirrorless systems. Tamron wins for Nikon F mount value, and Sigma wins for Sony E and L mount mirrorless shooters.
Is 400mm enough for wildlife?
400mm works well for many wildlife subjects including perched birds, mammals at moderate distance, and large animals like deer and elk. Smaller songbirds and distant raptors often need more reach, so many wildlife photographers pair their 100-400mm with a teleconverter or add a 600mm prime to their kit.
Is the Canon 100-400mm a good lens?
Yes, the Canon 100-400mm line is consistently excellent. The EF 100-400mm L IS II USM delivers professional image quality and weather sealing for EF mount shooters, while the RF 100-400mm F5.6-8 IS USM provides lightweight value for Canon mirrorless users. Both rank among the best 100-400mm lenses available.
Final Verdict on the Best 100-400mm Lenses
After months of field testing, our picks for the best 100-400mm lenses in 2026 come down to camera system and budget. For Nikon Z shooters, the NIKKOR Z 100-400mm VR S is the clear winner with class-leading sharpness and teleconverter support. Sony E mount shooters get the same premium experience from the FE 100-400mm GM. Canon RF users on a budget will love the lightweight RF100-400mm, while EF shooters should grab the Mark II for weather sealing and modern zoom mechanics.
Third-party options from Tamron and Sigma deliver tremendous value, especially for budget-conscious wildlife and bird photographers. The Tamron 100-400mm remains the best deal in the DSLR world, while the Sigma 100-400mm DG DN OS brings reach to Fujifilm X mount at a reasonable price. OM SYSTEM M.Zuiko shooters get an unbeatable 800mm equivalent reach in a compact package.
Whichever lens you choose, the best 100-400mm for you is the one that matches your camera mount, your shooting style, and your budget. Take the time to handle the lens in person, test your specific copy in the field, and check our other guides on wildlife photography lenses and aviation telephoto lenses for more options. Happy shooting.